Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Avicennia marina Leaf Extract and their Potent Antimicrobial and HepG2 Anti-Cancer Activities

Abstract

Aim: Fabrication of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Avicennia marina Leaf Extract and Assessment of Their Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-Cancer Effects on HepG2 Cells. Material and Methods: The study delineates the biosynthesis, characterization, and application of AM-Fe-NPs derived from the aqueous extract of A. marina leaves, a coastal plant native to Kozhikode. Phytochemical analysis revealed, such as flavonoids and phenolics, in the A. marina leaf aqueous extracts. AM-Fe- NPs were synthesized and characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, Zeta potential and size analysis, EDAX, electron microscopy (FE-SEM and HR-TEM), and XRD. The antibacterial efficacy of the AM-Fe-NPs was evaluated against clinically significant pathogens. Cytotoxic potential of these AM-Fe-NPs was explored on HepG2 cell lines. AM-Fe- NPs success fully synthesised and confirmed nano size by using the characterization techniques. Results: AM-Fe-NPs 125 μg/mL showed the significant inhibitory effects against S. aureus. Electron microscopic observations further confirmed the antibacterial action, showcasing bacterial cell lysis and shrinking. CLSM studies illustrated a 90% reduction in the S. aureus population after nanoparticle treatment. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential of these nanoparticles was explored on HepG2 cell lines, where they exhibited antitumor activity with an IC₅₀ value of 31.25 μM. The apoptosis-inducing capability of AM-Fe-NPs in HepG2 cells was visualized using AO/EB fluorescent staining, indicating a significant presence of late-stage apoptotic cells. Conclusion: The study underscores the promising biomedical applications of AM-Fe-NPs derived from A. marina leaves, demonstrating their potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents.